Sidhmukh

Sidhmukh was ruled by Kaswan (lit. sons of Kasu) Dynasty. The Dynasty was founded by Kasu Pal, a Jat freebooter originally resident of Mandore. He left Mandore with 5000 army and first came to Chhapar, where the Mohils ruled. After defeating the Mohils, he took control of Chhapar. He then attacked the district of Sidhmukh on 19 August 1068. There Ranjit Johia used to rule, under whose authority there were 125 villages. In the battle that followed, the Kasupal was victorious. After the Sidhmukh victory, Kansu Pal came to Satyun (12 kos north-east of Churu), where the Chauhans ruled. On the day of February 18, 1094, Kansupal captured Satyu. Then from time to time the Kaswan people from Satyu spread to different places nearby and established their own estate. 8th in descent from Kasu Pal was Gowal Pal. He divided his dominion among his 9 sons (who gave there name to the nine sept of Kaswan clan). Chokh Pal, the eldest son of Gowal Pal succeeded to the gaddi.

In the later half of the 16th century of Bikaji, the Rathods attacked the kingdom of Kaswan Jats. Although originally the Kanwar Pal of Sidhmukh, the chief of the Kaswan Jats, had accepted the suzerainty of the Rathores after the Battle of Takha, the Kaswan Jats refused to accept the overlordship of the Rathore, they remained in the possession of Sidhmukh until 17th century. We know this from Ain I Akbari in which Sidhmukh is mentioned as the watan pargana of Jats. After the death of Kanwar Pal the pargana of Sidhmukh remanined divided among 9 Kaswan Cheifs(each head of one of the Thamba/sept of Kaswan dynasty). These chief were gradually defeated by the Rathores and by the end of 17th century Sidhmukh formed part of Bikaner.